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عمومی::
خودتنظیمی
self-regulation.
Perhaps the best-known example of the fragility of the social contract in medicine occurred in Bristol, UK, in the late 1980s, and led to great limitations in the ability of the medical profession to be self-regulating.
A full exploration of what happened in Bristol is beyond the scope of this chapter, but the important lesson is that the medical profession was seen by the Inquiry to have failed in its duty to self-regulate.
As we discussed at the beginning of this chapter, the medical profession has a social contract with society, which grants doctors, among other things, the right to self-regulation.
This case, based on a real example, highlights the importance of transparency within the structure of self-regulation.
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علوم اجتماعی و جامعه شناسی::
خود تنظیمی
, pan-European coordination of self-regulation)?
In the most-developed European countries, there was intense pressure on mobile operators to self-regulate Internet-based media content which they or their partners supplied, reflected in its selection as the subject of the EC Safer Internet Forum in 2005.30 ICSTIS and Vodafone commis- sioned research in 2003 to identify consumers' attitude to premium rate mobile services.
It demonstrates overwhelming approval for child access controls, and own-access controls.31 The 2007 EC consultation on child protection and mobile phones states that: 'Self-regulation is seen as poten- tially the most appropriate way to ensure child protection due to the rap- idly changing technical environment, but self-regulation still needs to be launched or effectively implemented in some countries ...
Through their European association GSM Europe, MNOs propose the "development of an EU-wide common Framework for national self-regulation".'32
Informal consultation with content providers, infra- structure and handset suppliers, and government at national and EC lev- els took place.37 The code itself was written in the 'regulatory vacuum' of 2003 as Ofcom was being established, against a background of dis- creet coordinated lobbying by mobile networks, and parliamentary pres- sure for self-regulation during the Communications Act 2003 debates.
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